#酒业大V启明星计划# 霞多丽世界上种植最广泛的白葡萄品种
众所周知，赤霞珠是世界上最广泛种植的红葡萄品种，而霞多丽就是白葡萄酒品种中最广泛种植的。广泛种植到过剩的那种，原因是它太受欢迎了！我们来看一下，全世界霞多丽的种植情况。（以下来内来自：THE OXFORD COMPANION TO WINE），对WSET 4感兴趣的可以共同交流学习。
相信葡萄酒爱好者，一定是了解霞多丽的，也是它的粉丝。它有很多名字，但我觉得“百变女王霞多丽“是最适合它的。原因是它可以酿造成小清新，也可以酿造成果香丰富，口感醇厚的风格。它可以种植在不同的地区而产生不同的风味特征，比如：种在较热的地区会有芒果，菠萝、桃等的香气哦。
霞多丽
霞多丽
Chardonnay,a name so familiar to wine lovers around the world that many do not realize that it is the name of a white grape variety. In its Burgundian homeland,Chardonnay has for long been the sole vine responsible for all of the finest white burgundy. As such,in a region devoted to geographical labelling,its name was known only to vine-growers. All this changed with the advent of Varietal labelling in the late 20th century,when Chardonnay virtually became a Brand .It is perhaps fitting that a variety so governed by the whims of Fashion should have seen considerable stylistic changes in the sorts of wine sought by its legion of fans. Until the mid 1990s,rich,oaky varietals were the height of modishness but this has been followed by a trend towards leaner ,more appetizing,and definitely less oak-dominated Chardonnays. Chardonnay-mania reached a peak in the late 1980s and it was subsequently（随后） planted so widely that a glut was assured in the late 1990s,leading to a shortage of Chardonnay in the early 21st century in Australia,for example. There is hardly a country in which is produced that does not at least try to produce commercially acceptable Chardonnay in marketable quantities.
Chardonnay,一个对世界各地的葡萄酒爱好者非常熟悉的名字,但是许多人没有意识到这是霞多丽是一个白色葡萄品种的名字。勃艮第是霞多丽的家乡,霞多丽在勃艮第一直占有着是最优秀的白葡萄的角色。因此,在这个地区它有一个专用的地理标签,这个标签适用于葡萄种植者和葡萄园，而非酒庄。在20世纪后期,当霞多丽(Chardonnay)成为品牌的时候,所有这些都发生了的变化都是随着品种标签而变化。这可能是一种适合于时尚的奇思妙想的品种,在粉丝们所追求的那种葡萄酒中,这种变化应该会有相当大的风格变化。直到20世纪90年代中期,丰富的,多变橡木桶是极度流行,但现在却跟随着另一个趋势。这种趋势是精简,更开胃,更少的橡木桶占主导的霞多丽。霞多丽的狂热在20世纪80年代末达到了顶峰,后来被广泛地种植,以至于在20世纪90年代末导致了供大于求,在澳大利亚。而在21世纪初的澳洲导致了霞多丽(Chardonnay)的短缺。几乎没有一个国家生产,它至少没有尝试在市场上生产商业可接受的霞多丽。
During a single decade , the 1980S,the world’s total area planted with Chardonnay vines quadrupled,to nearly 100,000 ha/ 247,000 acres—and by the mid 2000s had surpassed 174,000 ha/430,000 acres. By 2010,total global plantings were very nearly 200,000 ha,although the rate of increase had definitely slowed,thanks to what minght be called ‘the Bridget Jones effect’. Chardonna came to be associated with mass market demand (see ABC).So popular is Chardonnay that synonyms are rarely used (although some Austrians in Styria persist with their name Morillon). The wine’s relatively high level of alcohol,which can often taste slightly sweet ,probably played a part in this popularity, as for a time did the obvious appeal of the oak so often used in making Chardonnay.
在20世纪80年代的短短十年间，世界上种植霞多丽葡萄的面积翻了两番，达到近10万公顷/ 24.7万英亩，到本世纪头十年中期，种植面积已超过17.4万公顷/43万英亩。到2010年，全球种植面积已接近20万公顷，但由于所谓的“布里吉特·琼斯效应”，种植面积的增长速度明显放缓。Chardonna开始与大众市场需求联系起来(参见ABC)。霞多丽如此受欢迎以至于同义词很少被使用(尽管一些奥地利人在Styria坚持使用他们的名字Morillon)。这种葡萄酒的酒精含量相对较高，通常尝起来有点甜，这可能是它如此受欢迎的原因之一，因为在一段时间内，用于制造霞多丽的橡木明显具有吸引力。
But it is not just wine drinkers who appreciate the broad,easy-to-appreciate if difficult-to-describe charms of golden Chardonnay. (The Australian wine research institute’s initiative,analyzing the component parts of each major variety’s flavor,found Chardonnay a particularly nebulous target,identifying flavor compounds also found in ,among other things,raspberries,vanilla,tropical fruits,peaches,tomatoes,tobacco,tea,and rose petals).Vine-growers appreciate the ease with which,in a wide range of climates ,they can coax relatively high yields from this vine (whose natural vigour may need to be curbed by either dense planting,low-vigour Rootstocks or canopy management). Wine quality is severely prejudiced,however,at yields above 80hl/ha(4.5tons/acre)and yields of 30hl/ha or lower are usually needed for seriously fine wine. Growers’ only major reservation is that it buds quite early,just after Pinot Noir,which regularly puts the coolest vineyards-those of Chablis,Champagne,and Chile’s Casablanca Valley,for example-at risk from spring Frosts.It can suffer from coulur and occasionally Millerandage and the grapes’ relatively thin skins can encourage rot if there is rain at harvest time,but it can thrive in climates as diverse as those of Chablis in northern France and Australia’s hot riverland. Picking time is critical for,unlike Cabernet Sauvignon,Chardonnay can quickly lose its crucial acidity in the latter stages of ripening. Winemakers love Chardonnay for its reliably high ripeness levels and its malleability.It will happily respond to a far wider range of winemaking techniques than most white varieties. The Mosel or Vouvray winemaking recipe of a long,cool fermentation followed by early bottling can be applied to Chardonnay. Or it can be treated to barrel fermentation and /or ibarrel maturation,some of the highest-quality fruit being able to stand up to new oak. It accommodates each individual winemaker’s policy on the second,softening malolactic conversion and lees stirring without demur.
但欣赏金色霞多丽宽广、易于欣赏、但难以描述的魅力的，不只是葡萄酒饮用者。澳大利亚葡萄酒研究所(Australian wine research institute)在分析每个主要品种的风味成分后，发现霞多丽是一个特别模糊的目标，并确定了在覆盆子、香草、热带水果、桃子、番茄、烟草、茶和玫瑰花瓣等水果中也存在的风味化合物.种植者很欣赏在各种气候条件下，他们可以轻松地从这种藤本植物中获得相对较高的产量(可能需要通过密集种植、低活力的砧木或林冠管理来抑制其自然活力)。然而，葡萄酒的质量是较为偏颇的，在产量超过80hl/ha(4.5吨/英亩)和产量为30hl/ha或更好的葡萄酒需要更低产量。种植者唯一主要的保留是，它发芽很早，就在黑皮诺之后。黑皮诺经常把最酷的葡萄园——比如夏布利、香槟和智利卡萨布兰卡山谷的葡萄园——置于春季霜冻的危险之中。它可能会遭受库鲁尔葡萄(coulur)和偶尔的米勒葡萄(M gillerandage)老化，如果在收获季节下雨，葡萄相对较薄的果皮可能会导致腐烂，但它可以在各种气候条件下茁壮成长，比如法国北部的夏布利(Chablis)和澳大利亚炎热的河地。采摘时间至关重要，因为与赤霞珠不同，霞多丽在成熟后期会迅速失去至关重要的酸度。酿酒师喜欢霞多丽，因为它成熟程度高，可塑性强。与大多数白葡萄酒品种相比，它能适应范围更广的酿酒技术。莫泽尔(Mosel)或武弗雷(Vouvray)葡萄酒酿造法是一种长时间的冷发酵，然后是早期装瓶，可用于霞多丽(Chardonnay)。也可以进行桶式发酵和/或桶式熟化，一些高品质的水果能够经得起新橡木桶的考验。它适应了每个酿酒师的政策，对第二次的苹果乳酸转换和酒泥搅拌无异议。
Chardonnay is also a vital ingredient in most of the world’s best sparkling wine,not just in Champagne,demonstrating its ability to age in bottle even when picked early.And picked late,it has even been known to produce some creditable botrytized wines,notably in the Maconnais,Romania,and New Zealand. Chardonnay blends happily with other less fashionable,cheaper varieties such as Chenin Blanc,Semillon,or Colombard to meet demand or Price Points at the lower end of the market.
霞多丽也是世界上大多数最好的起泡酒的重要成分，不仅在香槟中，较早采摘时而且在瓶中陈酿的能力也得到了证明。而在采摘较晚时，它可以酿造出被认为一些值得称道的贵腐葡萄酒，尤其是在马贡内（Maconnais）、罗马尼亚和新西兰。霞多丽与其他不那么时尚、更便宜的品种如白诗南(Chenin Blanc)、赛美蓉(Semillon)或鸽笼白(Colombard)很好地混合在一起，以满足低端市场的需求或价格点。
But perhaps this is because its own character is,unlike that of the other ultra-fashionable white,Sauvignon Blanc,not too pronounced. Chardonnay from young or over-productive vines can taste almost aqueous.Basic Chardonnay may be vaguely fruity(apples or melons)but,at its best,Chardonnay,like Pinot Noir,is merely a vehicle for the character of the vineyard in which it is grown(see terroir). As in many other ambitions wines fashioned in the image of top white burgundy,its ‘flavour’ has sometimes been that of the oak in which it was matured, or the relics of the winemaking techniques uses (see above).
但或许这是因为它的特点不像另一种超级时尚的白葡萄酒——长相思(Sauvignon Blanc)——那么明显。年轻或产量过高的葡萄藤酿制的霞多丽几乎可以品尝到含水的味道。基本的霞多丽可能是模糊的水果味(苹果或瓜类)，但在最好的情况下，霞多丽，就像黑比诺一样，仅仅是它生长的葡萄园的一种载体(见风土)。与其他许多以勃艮第顶级白葡萄酒为代表的葡萄酒一样，勃艮第葡萄酒的“味道”有时是成熟时的橡木味，或者是酿酒技术的遗留物(见上文)。
When the vineyard site is right,yields not too high,acid not too low,and winemaking skilled,Chardonnay can produce thrilling,savoury ,dry,full-bodied wines that will continue to improve in bottle for one,two,or,exceptionally,more decades but-unlike Riesling and the best,nobly rotten chenin blanc and Semillon—it is not a variety capable of making whites for very long term,and white burgundies,in particular,have shown a tendency to premature oxidation.
当葡萄园位置是正确的,不太高产,酸不太低,和具有酿酒技术,霞多丽可以产生令人兴奋的,可口的,干型,浓郁的葡萄酒在，装瓶后继续在瓶中陈年改善,一年，两年，甚至是更长的十年，但不像雷司令和最好的白诗南和赛美蓉（Semillon）酿造的贵腐等可以长期陈年的一个品种白勃艮第葡萄酒,特别是,往往会出现过早氧化。
Chardonnay’s origins were long considered obscure,but DNA profiing finally provided the answer to this mystery.Along with a host of other varieties common in north eastern France,it is the progeny of Pinot Noir and Gouais Blanc(see Pinot). There is a rare but distinct pink-berried mutation,Chardonnay Rose,as well as a headily perfumed Chardonnay Blanc Musque version,sometimes used in blends. Some of the 34 official French clones of Chardonnay have a similarly grapey perfume,notably 77 and 809,which have been quite widely planted and can add a rather incongruously aromatic note to blends with other clones of the variety. The arguably over enthusiastic application of clonal selection techniques in Burgundy means that growers can now choose from a wide range of Chardonnay clones specially selected for their productivity,particularly 75,78,121,124,125,and 277.
霞多丽的起源一直被认为是不清楚的，但DNA验证最终为这个谜题提供了答案。它与法国东北部常见的许多其他品种一样，是黑皮诺(Pinot Noir)和白古埃(Gouais Blanc)的后代。
有一种罕见但独特的粉红浆果变种霞多丽(Chardonnay Rose)，还有一种香气扑鼻的白霞多丽(Chardonnay Blanc)麝香葡萄酒，有时用于混合酒中。在法国34个正式的霞多丽克隆品种中，有一些也有类似的葡萄香水味，值得注意的是77和809，它们被广泛种植，与其它克隆品种混合后会产生一种不协调的芳香。无性系选择技术在勃艮第的应用可以说是过于热情，这意味着种植者现在可以从大量的霞多丽无性系中进行选择，这些无性系都是根据产量特别挑选的，尤其是75,78,121,124,125和277。
Those seeking quality rather than quantity are more likely to choose 76,95,and 96.Many New World wine regions began their love affair with Chardonnay on clones such as the Mendoza clone,only to find it rekindled by the introduction of better clones from Burgundy,sometimes known as Dijon clones. In California,the old Wente clone is held in high regard. In France the total area planted with Chardonnay—47487ha/117292 acres in 2111-has long been second only in rankings of pale-skinned varieties to the Cognac and Armagnac grape Ugni Blanc. Chardonnay is significant in every single Fench wine region except for Alsace and Bordeaux and is particularly so in greater Burgundy , the Languedoc,and Champagne where Chardonnay,with more than 10,000 ha by 2013,was only just the least-planted of the three most important varieties there.
那些追求质量而不是数量的人更有可能选择76、95和96。许多新世界葡萄酒产区在克隆酒(如门多萨克隆酒)上对霞多丽产生了浓厚的兴趣，但随着勃艮第(有时也称第戎克隆酒)更好的克隆酒的引进，霞多丽又重新焕发了生机。在加利福尼亚，老威迪的克隆体受到高度重视。在法国，种植霞多丽的总面积(2111年为47487公顷/117292英亩)一直以来都是仅次于干邑(Cognac)和雅文邑Armagnac)白葡萄(Ugni Blanc)的白葡萄品种。除了阿尔萨斯(Alsace)和波尔多(Bordeaux)，霞多丽在每一个法国产区都很重要，尤其是在大勃艮第(greater Burgundy).朗格多克(Languedoc)和香槟(Champagne)地区，2013年种植面积超过1万公顷的霞多丽.仅仅是这三个最重要品种中种植最少的品种。
France,once home to sizeable tracts of dozens of local grape varieties,has become increasingly dominated by this paradigm of an international variety. Chablis is quintessential Charddonnay country and plantings totaled heartland,the Cote D’or,Chardonnay plantings had increased to 2.230 ha by 2011 at the expense of Aligote,but were outnumbered three to one of by those of Pinot Noir. In the cote chalonnaise and the maconnais to the south,Chardonnay,with an overall total of 7242 ha by 2011,was twice as common overall as Pinot Noir,Macon Blanc being by far the most common,and affordable ,incarnation of white burgundy.·
法国一度是数十种本地葡萄品种大面积种植区，但现在被日益增长的国际葡萄品种所主导。夏布利是典型的霞多丽产区，也是霞多丽产区的中心地带。在金丘，到2011年，霞多丽的种植面积增加到了2.230公顷，阿利格特的种植面积减少了一半，但与黑皮诺的种植面积相比，面积减少了三倍。到2011年，夏隆内和马贡内葡萄酒的总面积达到7242公顷，是黑比诺葡萄酒的两倍，是法国最常见、最实惠的勃艮第白葡萄酒。
Although the regulations allow Aligote into Beaujolais Blanc and Pinot Blanc into white wines labelled Bourgogne and Macon,most of these less expensive white burgundies are in practice made predominantly from Chardonnay. To the initial horror of the Inao,there has been an increasing trend towards slipping the word Chardonnay on to white burgundy labels to increase their appeal to non-French consumers。In the Languedoc,Chardonnay was first planted to add international appeal to the lemony wines of Limoux. By 2000 there were nearly 9000 ha of Chardonnay in the Languedoc, a total that had grown to nearly 14000 ha by 2011,nearly 6000 of them in the hot herault department ,although this is essentially red wine country.
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尽管法规允许在标有勃艮第(Bourgogne)和马贡(Macon)的白葡萄酒中加入阿利戈特白葡萄酒(Aligote)和白比诺白葡萄酒(Pinot Blanc)，但这些较便宜的白勃艮第葡萄酒实际上主要由霞多丽(Chardonnay)酿造。让国家原产地命名管理局最初感惊骇的是，越来越多的人倾向于在白勃艮第(burgundy)酒标上加上霞多丽(Chardonnay)这个词，以增加它们对非法国消费者的吸引力（appeal to对。。。吸引力）在朗格多克(Languedoc)，霞多丽(Chardonnay)首次被种植，以增加利穆(Limoux)柠檬味葡萄酒的国际吸引力。
到2000年，朗格多克产区有近9000公顷的霞多丽，到2011年，总面积已增至近14000公顷，其中近6000公顷产自热门的埃罗特产区，尽管这里本质上是一个红酒产区。
Chardonnay is grown in virtually all European wine-producing countries,and makes copies of white burgundy of varying qualities,even if much of Spain south of Cataluya(where it plays a part in Cava)is too hot ,and Portugal wisely tends to concentrate on its Indigenous varieties. Even Germany ,Rieslingland,now grows Chardonnay on 1500 ha of vineyard, and it is an important ingredient in the sparkling wine production of England.
几乎所有的欧洲葡萄酒生产国都种植霞多丽，并且酿造不同品质的勃艮第白葡萄酒，即使加泰罗尼亚以南的西班牙大部分地区(霞多丽在卡瓦酒中起着一定的作用)太热，而葡萄牙明智地倾向于专注于自己的本土品种。甚至连德国的雷司令产区(Rieslingland)也在1500公顷的葡萄园中种植霞多丽(Chardonnay)，它是英格兰起泡酒生产的重要原料。
Italy has a long history of Chardonnay cultivation,especially on its subalpine slopes in the north,and the 2010 census identified nearly 20000 ha/50000 acres of Chardonnay throughout the country. For decades , Italians were casual about distinguishing between their Pinot Bianco (Pinot Blanc,also known as Weissburgunder in the Italian Tyrol)
意大利的霞多丽种植历史悠久，尤其是在北部的亚高山山坡上。2010年的调查发现，该国种植了近2万公顷/5万英亩的霞多丽。几十年来，意大利人对如何区分他们的白皮诺葡萄酒(Pinot Blanc，也称威斯堡格德葡萄酒，意大利语为Tyrol)都很随意。(威斯堡格德(Weissburgunder)是皮诺家族的白皮诺(Pinot Blanc)在奥地利的别名) 蒂罗尔州（Tyrol），奥地利西南的州，分为北蒂罗尔及东蒂罗尔两部分，面积合计12，647平方公里。人口63万（1991）。首府因斯布鲁克。
Alto Adige Chardonnay was the first Italian Chardonnay accorded DOC status, in 1984,although the vine has since been working its magic on producers all over Italy from Puglia to Piemonte and, of course ,Aosta towards the French border. Nowadays much of Italy’s Chardonnay is produced,often without much distinction,in Friuli,Tretino,and,to a more limited extent,Veneto,where much of it is used as ballast for Gaganega.
上阿迪吉(Alto Adige)霞多丽(Chardonnay)是1984年第一个获得DOC认证的意大利霞多丽(Chardonnay)，尽管从普利亚(Puglia)到皮埃蒙特(Piemonte)，当然，从奥斯塔(Aosta)到法国边境，这种葡萄一直在意大利各地的酿酒师身上发挥着它的魔力。
今，意大利出产的霞多丽(Chardonnay)大多产自弗留利(Friuli)、特莱蒂诺(Tretino)和威尼托(Veneto)，通常没有什么特色。威尼托的大部分霞多丽被用作加加内加(Gaganega)的压瓶。
Some fine examples are produced in favoured sites in both Friuli and Trentino but a considerable proportion is siphoned off to become spumante,as it is in Lombardy,where it can add finesse to some fine fizz.
弗留里和特伦蒂诺都有一些很好的例子，但有相当一部分被抽走变成了泡沫，就像伦巴第一样，在伦巴第，它可以为一些很好的起泡酒增加精细的口感。
Chardonnay gained ground rapidly in Italy in the 1990s,being planted in Tuscan spots where Sangiovese is difficult to ripen. Piemonte,cooler than Tuscany,has,not unsurprisingly,had more overall success with the variety.see under these geographical names for more details of Italian Chardonnays.
上世纪90年代，霞多丽在意大利迅速走红，被种植在托斯卡纳的桑娇维塞葡萄难以成熟的地方。Piemonte比Tusacany更凉，毫无疑问，它在品种上更成功。在这些地理名称下面可以看到更多关于意大利霞多丽的详细信息。
Much less dramatic Chardonnay is also produced in Switzerland,particularly in Geneva,the Valais,and Bundner Herrschaft(see map under Switzerland).
不那么引人注目的霞多丽也产自瑞士，尤其是日内瓦、瓦莱河和Bundner Herrschaft(见瑞士地图)。
In Austria,a foreign vine known as Morillon in Styria and Feinburgunder in Vienna and Burgenland was not identified as the modish Chardonnay until the late 1980s.
Austria /ˈɒstriə/ n. 奥地利
Austrialia 澳大利亚
在奥地利，一种名为Morillon的外国葡萄树在Styria和Feinburgunder的维也纳和Burgenland被认为是最时髦的霞多丽(Chardonnay)，直到20世纪80年代末才被确认。
Austria’s Chardonnays include relatively rich,oak-matured versions;lean,aromatic styles modelled on their finest Rieslings;and even sweet ausbruch wines.
奥地利的霞多丽(chardonnay)包括相对丰富、橡木成熟的品种;以最好的雷司令(Rieslings)为蓝本的清瘦、芳香的风格;甚至还有甜奥斯布鲁赫(ausbruch)葡萄酒。
See Austria.The variety is planted throughout Eastern Europe but,with the noteable exception of some fine,artisanal Slovenian examples,yields and temperatures are often too high for real distinction.
看到奥地利。该品种在东欧各地都有种植，但产量和温度往往过高，难以真正区分，只有一些手工制作的斯洛文尼亚品种例外。
Few would have believed in 1980,when California had just 18000 acres/7200 ha of Chardonnay,that by 1988 the state’s total plantings would for a while overtake France’s(rapidly increasing ) total. In the 21st century France more than caught up,even though Chardonnay remains California’s most planted variety with a 2012 total of 95000 acres/38461ha.Thanks to the red wine boom,the rate of new plantings reached a peak in the mid 1990s.
在1980年，当加州只有18000英亩/7200公顷的霞多丽时，很少有人相信，到1988年，加州的种植总量会在一段时间内超过法国(迅速增长的)总量。在21世纪，法国远远超过了美国，尽管霞多丽仍是加州种植最多的品种，2012年种植面积达95000英亩/38461公顷。由于红酒的繁荣，新的种植速度在90年代中期达到了顶峰。
See under California for more detail of the state’s evolving but generally rich,heady style of Chardonnay. Chardonnay,now North American for “white wine”,has been embraced with equal fervor throughout the rest of North America,from British Columbia in Canada to Long Island in New York,although it is usually more restrained in character than in California.
下面看霞多丽在加州的长细发展，但大多数是丰富的，热情的霞多丽。
霞多丽(Chardonnay)如今在北美被称为“白葡萄酒”，在北美其他地区，从加拿大的不列颠哥伦比亚省(British Columbia)到纽约的长岛(Long Island)，都受到了同样热烈的欢迎。
equal fervor 相当的热情
the rest of 其余的
In 1990,Chardonnay overtook Riesling to become the most planted variety of any hue in Washington State but red wine is now far more important and the 2011 Chardonnay total of 7652 acres maks it only the most planted white grape.Chardonnay is also increasingly well regarded in Oregon(where planting s toalled 950 acres in 2011 and the introduction of Dijon clones has had a profound effect on quality),Virginia ,and Texas. The scale of America’s romance with Chardonnay in general and oak-aged Chardonnay in particular was reflected in the international cooperage business in the 1990s.
1990年，霞多丽取代雷司令成为华盛顿州种植面积最大的品种，但现在红酒的地位更加重要，2011年霞多丽总占地7652英亩，是种植面积最大的白葡萄品种。在俄勒冈州(2011年种植面积达到950英亩，第戎无性系的引进对品质产生了深远的影响)、弗吉尼亚州和德克萨斯州，霞多丽也越来越受到重视。上世纪90年代，美国人对霞多丽(Chardonnay)，尤其是橡木陈酿的霞多丽(Chardonnay)的迷恋，在国际合作行业中得到了广泛的反映。
Various South American countries have been seeking out cooler spots to imbue their Chardonnay with real verve and concentration. Chile’s Pacific-influenced regions including most notably Casablanca Valley and San Antonio/Leyda and the high-elevation vineyards of Argentina’s Uco Valley are the most obvious examples and their best wines combine the New World virtues of accessibility and value.
许多南美国家一直在寻找更凉爽的地方，让他们的霞多丽充满真正的神韵和专注力。受太平洋影响的智利地区，包括最著名的卡萨布兰卡山谷和圣安东尼奥/莱达，以及阿根廷乌科山谷的高海拔葡萄园是最明显的例子，他们的最好的葡萄酒结合了新世界的优点和价值。
In Argentina,where the variety has shown impressive finesse,Chardonnay overtook Ugni Blanc,Chenin Blanc,Semilon,and Sauvignonasse in the 1990s to become the country’s second most planted white wine grape after Torrontes.
在阿根廷，霞多丽展现了令人印象深刻的精致，在20世纪90年代超越了Ugni Blanc、Chenin Blanc、Semilon和Sauvignonasse，成为该国种植面积第二大的白葡萄品种，仅次于Torrontes。
苏维浓纳斯（Sauvignonasse）是一种尤为常见的白葡萄品种，其外文名也称“Sauvignon Vert”。该品种与更为显赫的长相思（Sauvignon Blanc）完全不同，但在一些地方，这两种葡萄还是经常被人混为一谈。总的来说，该品种酿制的葡萄酒爽脆感和芳香程度都不如长相思，并且它还容易染上霜霉病（Downy Mildew）和腐烂。
相关的DNA检测（DNA Profiling）证实了加力（Galet）的观点，即苏维浓纳斯与弗留利托凯（Tocal Friulano）是同一品种。在智利，苏维浓纳斯的种植也十分广泛，在这里，它经常被简单地称为“Sauvignon”。2005年，据相关统计显示，在智利被称为苏维浓纳斯的葡萄中，有7,400公顷是长相思，真正的苏维浓纳斯葡萄只有200公顷。加力还指出在加利福尼亚州被称为“Sauvignon Vert”的葡萄实际上是波尔多的密斯卡岱（Muscadelle）。
Total Argentine plantings were more than 6470 ha by 2011.Chile has even more,10970 ha,and Chardonnay was the country’s most planted white wine grape(and third overall)for the first decade of this century but Sauvignon Blanc has once more taken the lead.
到2011年，阿根廷的总种植面积超过6470公顷。智利的种植面积更大，为10970公顷。在本世纪头十年，霞多丽是智利种植面积最大的白葡萄品种(种植面积位居第三)，但白苏维翁(Sauvignon Blanc)再次占据了领先地位。
Has once more 再次
The Australian wine industry’s all-importtant export trade was for long centred on its particularly user-friendly and frequently adapted style of Chardonnay.Rich fruit flavours,often disciplined by added acid and flavoured by oak chips,have been available at carefully judge price points.
长期以来，澳大利亚葡萄酒行业的主要出口贸易都集中在对消费者特别友好、经常被调整的霞多丽风格上。丰富的水果味道，通常由添加的酸和口味的橡木片，已在仔细判断价格点。
Such was the strength of demand for Australian Chardonnay in the late 1980s that the area of Chardonnay vines increased more than fivefold during the decade so that in 1990,Chardonnay,with its 4300ha/10600 acres,became Australia’s most planted white grape variety(although 13000 ha were too young to bear fruit).
就是这样的强度要求澳大利亚霞多丽在1980年代后期,该地区的霞多丽葡萄在十年间增长了5倍多,1990年,霞多丽,拥有4300公顷/ 10600亩,成为澳大利亚最种植白葡萄品种(尽管13000公顷过于年轻,结出果实)。
· Fivefold 英 /ˈfaɪvfəʊld/ adv. 五倍地；五重地
Plantings peaked in 2007 with more than 32000 ha but reaction to glut left total Chardonnay plantings at 25491ha in 2012,very slighty less than those of Cabernet Sauvignon,Australia’s second most popular variety after Shiraz.
种植面积在2007年达到顶峰，超过32000公顷，但由于供过于求，霞多丽在2012年的总种植面积为25491公顷，远远低于赤霞珠(Cabernet Sauvignon)的种植面积。赤霞珠是澳大利亚第二受欢迎的品种，仅次于设拉子(Shiraz)。
Reaction n. 反应，感应；反动，复古；反作用
Glut n. （商品）供过于求；大量
The style of typical Australian Chardonnay changed more rapidly than any other nation’s with steeliness ,almost austerity,now seen as virtues.Nevertheless, the average life expectancy of typical Australian(and most other New World)Chardonnay is short,but glorious exceptions abound in cooler spots such as Adelaide Hills,Victoria,and Tasmania,and can give fine white burgundy a run for its money.
典型的澳大利亚霞多丽葡萄酒的风格变化得比其他任何国家都要快，它的冷峻，几乎可以说是简朴，现在被视为美德。尽管如此，典型的澳大利亚人(以及大多数其他新大陆人)的霞多丽平均寿命都很短，但在阿德莱德山、维多利亚和塔斯马尼亚等较冷的地方却有很多令人意外的例外，而且勃艮第白葡萄酒也很受欢迎。
· Austerity 英 /ɒˈsterəti; ɔːˈsterəti/ n. 紧缩；朴素；苦行；严厉
· Steeliness /ˈstiːlinəs/ n. 钢制；冷酷；顽固
· Virtues /'vɝtʃʊ/ n. 优点，贞操；美德
· Expectancy 英 /ɪkˈspektənsi/ n. 期望，期待
· Glorious 英 /ˈɡlɔːriəs/ adj. 光荣的；辉煌的；极好的
Give a run for its money (让。。。物有所值)
Can give fine white burgundy a run for its money. 能让好的勃艮第白葡萄洒物有所值 。
New Zealand’s love affair with Chardonnay was relatively short.Only in the last decade of the 20th century did Chardonnay plantings outnumber those of the Sauvgnon Blanc that has now been anointed queen of Kiwi vines.
新西兰人对霞多丽的喜爱相对较短。直到20世纪的最后十年，霞多丽的种植面积才超过了长相思(Sauvgnon Blanc)的种植面积。长相思现已被誉为新西兰葡萄树女王。
· Outnumber 英 /ˌaʊtˈnʌmbə(r)/ vt. 数目超过；比…多
· Anointed 官方指定，选定的
· Queen of Kiwi vines 新西兰葡萄酒女王
· Kiwi 英 /ˈkiːwi/ n. 猕猴桃；几维（一种新西兰产的无翼鸟）；新西兰人
By 2012 total plantings of Chardonnay,just over 3000ha,had fallen to less than one-sixth those of Sauvignon Blanc,even though the naturally high acidity of New Zealand wines suits Chardonnay so well.
到2012年，种植面积刚刚超过3000公顷的霞多丽已经减少到不到白苏维翁(Sauvignon Blanc)的六分之一，尽管新西兰葡萄酒自然的高酸度非常适合霞多丽。
Chardonnay has had a chequered history in South Africa.Planting material in the late 1970s and early 1980S was frequently smuggled rather than submitted for quarantine,and at one time significant quantities of auxerrois contaminated the authenticity of “chardonnay”vineyards.
霞多丽在南非有着曲折的历史。在20世纪70年代末和80年代初，种植材料经常被走私而不是提交检疫，有一段时间大量的欧塞尔葡萄酒污染了“霞多丽葡萄园”的真品。
· Chequered 英 /ˈtʃekəd/ adj. 有方格的；多变的 Smuggled 英 /ˈsmʌɡl/ vt. 走私；偷运
· Quarantine /ˈkwɒrəntiːn/ n. 检疫隔离期；隔离；检疫；检疫区，隔离区
· Quantities /k'wɒntɪtɪz/ n. 数量，工程量；音符长度（quantity的复数）
Auxerrois 欧塞瓦
· Contaminated /kən'tæməneɪtɪd/ adj. 受污染的，弄脏的 v. 污染；玷污，毒害
· Authenticity /ˌɔːθenˈtɪsəti/ n. 真实性，确实性；可靠性
· For a while Chardonnay was the country’s third most planted white wine grape,albeit along way behind Chenin Blanc and Colombard,but in 2006 Sauvignon Blanc,as in New Zealand,overtook Chardonnay whose plantings in 2012 were under 8000 ha.
· 有一段时间，霞多丽是该国种植面积第三大的白葡萄品种，尽管远远落后于白诗南(Chenin Blanc)和鸽笼白(Colombard)，但在2006年，与新西兰一样，白苏维翁(Sauvignon Blanc)的种植面积超过了霞多丽，后者在2012年的种植面积不到8000公顷。
Albeit /ˌɔːlˈbiːɪt/ conj. 虽然，尽管
Although Chardonnay can thrive in relatively hot climate(such as Australia’s irrigation zones),it has to be picked before acids plummet (sometimes before the grapes have developed much real character,although this is usually caused by excessively high yields)and it does require relatively sophisticated techniques,including temperature control,in the cellar.
虽然霞多丽能在相对炎热的气候下茁壮成长(比如澳大利亚的灌溉区)，但它必须在酸度下降之前采摘(有时是在葡萄发育出真正的品质之前，尽管这通常是由于产量过高造成的)，而且它确实需要相对复杂的技术，包括地窖里的温度控制。
This is why it is not especially well suited to hot Mediterranean wine regions and well-balanced Chardonnays with real interest from the likes of Greece,Israel,and the Lebanon tend to be exceptions
这就是为什么它不是特别适合炎热的地中海葡萄酒产区，以及来自希腊、以色列和黎巴嫩等国的真正感兴趣的霞多丽(chardonnay)却往往是例外
